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标签:改造

Xserve 2009 Fan Mod

2020 年 10 月 6 日分类:硬件坑#改造#单片机
Hint: this post is also available in Chinese.

Note: Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)

Introduction

Xserve is Apple's long-discontinued line of servers, powered by the Mac OS X Server operating system. After Xserve was discontinued, OS X Server slowly became just an app. In 2019 Apple introduced a new rackmount Mac Pro, which can also be used as a rackmount server. But the price is not something I can justify spending for fun. The other thing is that with ARM Mac releases coming soon, the x86-64 based Mac Pro will be obsolete in few years. It may not make sense to spend a lot of money on a Mac Pro at this point in time. On the other hand, the old Xserve is already very cheap, with similar performance and price to the contemporaneous Dell PowerEdge R610. Unlike the 2009 Mac Pro, which for some reason still costs a lot now. For this reason as a Mac homelab or for desktop use, the last generation Xserve can be considered a good choice. The following are the main specs of the last Xserve.

Xserve 3,1 (Xserve 2009)

  • CPU: 2x Intel Xeon E/X/W5500 series
  • RAM: 12x DDR3 REG ECC (Up to 192GB)
  • HDD: 3x SAS/SATA
  • GFX: nVIDIA GeForce GT120 (MXM-A upgradable)

Xserve in 2020

Here are some concerns when using Xserve in home settings:

As a server

  • Too few hard drive bays and SATA hard drive capacity limited to 1TB

As a workstation

  • The performance of the 5500 series of processors is seriously outdated
  • Severe fan noise
  • Weak GPU

Common issues

  • No longer supports the latest macOS, if you need to use macOS

This article is about fan noise only.

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Upgrading the CPU in ThinkPad X61

2020 年 8 月 14 日分类:玩机#ThinkPad#改造
Hint: this post is also available in Chinese.

Introduction

ThinkPad X61 is a classical machine, along with T61 they are the last 4:3 ThinkPads made by Lenovo. I bought my X61s used in 2010 (I simply couldn't afford it back in 2007 when it first came out) and keeps using it as my main laptop (I have a much more powerful desktop PC for most of the stuff though). Many of the components have been upgraded since then, 2GB DDR2 is upgraded to 6GB, 160GB spin drive has been replaced by a 512GB SSD, and the TN screen has been replaced with an AFFS (IPS) screen. The thing that never changed is the processor: the 65nm Core 2 Duo L7500.

X61 comes with various CPU options available when buying new:

X61:

  • Core 2 Duo T7100, 1.8 GHz, 2 MB L2, FSB 800, 65 nm, 35 W
  • Core 2 Duo T7250, 2.0 GHz, 2 MB L2, FSB 800, 65 nm, 35 W
  • Core 2 Duo T7300, 2.0 GHz, 4 MB L2, FSB 800, 65 nm, 35 W
  • Core 2 Duo T8100, 2.1 GHz, 3 MB L2, FSB 800, 45 nm, 35 W
  • Core 2 Duo T8300, 2.4 GHz, 3 MB L2, FSB 800, 45 nm, 35 W
  • Core 2 Duo T9300, 2.5 GHz, 6 MB L2, FSB 800, 45 nm, 35 W

X61s:

  • Core 2 Duo L7300, 1.4 GHz, 4 MB L2, FSB 800, 65 nm, 17 W
  • Core 2 Duo L7500, 1.6 GHz, 4 MB L2, FSB 800, 65 nm, 17 W
  • Core 2 Duo L7700, 1.8 GHz, 4 MB L2, FSB 800, 65 nm, 17 W

However, when buying used, especially in 2020, it is really hard to pick one specific processor. Most of the listings online come with a T7100 or T7300 processor, built with a 65 nm process. If the machine is an X61s, then the 65 nm processor is pretty much the only choice.

Unless the processor can be replaced or upgraded.

It is quite common to replace the processor in T61s, just buy a new processor, install that on to the motherboard, done. Or if one wants to use newer FSB 1066 processors or even quad-core processor, BIOS mod and motherboard mod are available to allow the processor to run on the T61 motherboard.

The X61, on the other hand, has the processor soldered down on to the board, making it harder to replace the processor. And it is much harder to buy BGA processors than just normal PGA processors: pretty much no one would take out the BGA processor from their laptop and just sell that, and it is pretty hard to buy new old stock BGA processors. But the good thing is if the CPU can be indeed bought and installed, all the mods available to the T61 are also available to the X61.

This post is a comprehensive note about how to install probably any Core 2 Duo mobile processors onto X61 if the power supply and cooling allow. And my method uses a PGA processor rather than a BGA processor so the processor is still easily purchasable on eBay or other platforms. Quad-core processors run much hotter and require further ACPI mod which is not described in this post.

I understand that these kinds of mod have been done on X61 many times before. But I just want to document comprehensively how I did it and what each step is.

I am also aware of the existence of the X62/X63 motherboard project. This project only focuses on upgrading the original motherboard.

I used P8600 as an example in this post, but other processors should also work.

All information is provided "as is". I will not be responsible for any damage due to the use or misuse of the information provided. Modding BIOS and hardware is risky and likely to permanently brick the machine if not done properly. Do this at your own risk.

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HP Prime G2 Reverse Engineering

2019 年 7 月 13 日分类:硬件坑#计算器#改造
Hint: this post is also available in Chinese.

Specifications

  • CPU:MCIMX6Y2DVM05AB(528MHz,Cortex A7)
  • RAM:H5TQ2G63GFR(256MB,DDR3)
  • Flash:H27U4G8F2D(512MB,3.3V)
  • PMIC:PF1550
  • LCD:GPM1006(320xRGBx240,Serial-RGB,ILI9322B)
  • TSC:GT9288

Boot Mode

The following test points are present on the PCB:

  • BT0L - Boot Mode 0 Low
  • BT0H - Boot Mode 0 High
  • BT1L - Boot Mode 1 Low
  • BT1H - Boot Mode 1 High

Circuits nearby: (front side)

GND  T1H  T1H  GND
10K  10K   0R   NC
TMOD 3V3  T1L  T1L

GND  T0H  T0H  GND
4K7   NC   NC   NC
TCK  3V3  T0L  T1L

To enter USB DFU mode:

  • Remove the 10K resistor between T1H and 3V3
  • Solder a 10K resistor between T0H and 3V3
  • Solder a 0R resistor between T0H and T0L (not sure if necessary)

There should be (lot of) other possible ways to change the bootmode or force it to fallback to the DFU mode.

Note: It is technically not a USB DFU (Device Firmware Upgrade) mode as it does not utilize the standard DFU protocol. It uses the i.MX Serial Download Protocol. I call it DFU as this is a more common term for such things.

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Kindle Paperwhite 2 强行救砖(2)

2016 年 3 月 7 日分类:硬件坑#EPD#改造#Kindle

在上一篇中,我已经给KPW2焊上了新的8GB eMMC,并且验证了通过MfgTools直接把U-Boot加载到内存中运行是可行的,这次就完成主板的修复。

重新配置参数

其实在上一步完成时,U-Boot的启动记录是这样的:

Board: Unknown
Boot Reason: [ POR ]
Boot Device: NAND
Board Id:
S/N:
I2C:   ready
Invaild board id!  Can't determine system type for RAM init.. bailing!
DRAM:   0 kB
Using default environment

这是因为换上全新的eMMC,KPW2也就像失忆了一样,忘记了一些比如自己的型号之类的重要参数以至于无法顺利初始化RAM……这里是我的失误,实际上在拆除原来的eMMC前,应该在U-Boot中输入idme查看NVRAM变量并记录下来(注:虽然名为NVRAM变量,但是实际上是存储在eMMC当中的)。但是我没有做过,所以现在只能自己恢复。在U-Boot中输入idme可以看见一共有5个变量,分别为serial、mac、sec、pcbsn、bootmode和postmode。只要恢复serial mac pcbsn并把其它清空即可。serial是机器的序列号,在“Kindle需要维修的界面”或者包装盒上有写,但是据说会不一样,我是按照需要维修界面上的DSN填写的(使用idme serial XXXXX命令设置)。MAC地址在包装盒上是没有写的,如果要找回可能需要登陆路由器管理界面看下DHCP分配,如果Kindle连接过WiFi应该有记录。如果没有,那么就随便编一个吧,比如把自己电脑的MAC地址+1然后写上去。pcbsn可以在主板的贴纸上找到,如下图:

MORE

Kindle Paperwhite 2 强行救砖(1)

2016 年 3 月 2 日分类:硬件坑#EPD#改造#Kindle

注:本记录并非教程!操作前请确定你清楚自己在做什么!

起因

起因呢,大致就是@ntzyz有天发现他的Kindle Paperwhite 2(下文简称KPW2)复制不进东西了(复制到一半出错),重刷系统也是因为一样的原因失败(没法完整复制刷机包),考虑到网上的救砖教程大多要求拆机飞线使用TTL串口操作,怕自己手残搞坏就寄给了我。随后折腾就开始了……

到手

到手的时候发现完全开不开机,原来是没电了,先接上USB充电。大约半小时后尝试开机,卡死在大树界面,进度条走到30%或者70%卡住,接上电脑只会提示需要进行格式化,然而如果尝试格式化,则是格式化完成后复制不进东西,再次连接则是又提示需要格式化。其实这里已经基本猜到是eMMC坏了,但是还是先祈祷下不是那样,接上TTL看bootlog才能下定论。首先是拆机,Kindle的拆机不复杂,前面板是一片比较软的塑料片,可以撕下来。接着拧掉螺丝,角度合适就可以直接把后盖拿下来了。主板上不难发现在三个未焊接的按键焊盘上方有一个3脚的连接器焊盘:

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